In my Algebraic and Geometric Proof of the Pythagorean Theorem post, we have learned that a right triangle with side lengths 
and 
and hypotenuse length 
, the sum of the squares of and is equal to the square of . Placing it in equation form we have 
.
If we place the triangle in the coordinate plane, having 
and 
coordinates of 
and 
respectively, it is clear that the length of 
is 
and the length of 
is . We are finding the length, which means that we want a positive value; the absolute value signs guarantee that the result of the operation is always positive. But in the final equation,
, the absolute value sign is not needed since we squared all the terms, and squared numbers are always positive. Getting the square root of both sides we have,
We say that is the distance between and , and we call the formula above, the distance formula.
If we want coordinates of 
where 
and 
are variables and the distance of from constant, say 
, then moving point about point 
maintaining the distance forms a circle. If has coordinates 
, then 
which means that 
.
Observe that the two equations above are all of the same form, they are all consequences of the Pythagorean Theorem. The examples are probably very elementary, but it shows one of the rare beauties of mathematics — the strong connections between and among different concepts.