The 12 Days of Christmaths and the Triangular Numbers

Many of us are familiar with the Twelve Days of Christmas — a song that enumerates a series of increasingly grand gifts given on each of the twelve days of Christmas.  For those who are not familiar with the song, here are a few stanzas (for full lyrics, click here).

On the first day of Christmas,
my true love sent to me
A partridge in a pear tree.

On the second day of Christmas,
my true love sent to me
Two turtle doves,
And a partridge in a pear tree.

On the third day of Christmas,
my true love sent to me
Three French hens,
Two turtle doves,
And a partridge in a pear tree.

On the fourth day of Christmas,
my true love sent to me
Four calling birds,
Three French hens,
Two turtle doves,
And a partridge in a pear tree. 

The math: How many gifts was  given on the twelfth day? » Read more